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BUILDING VOCABULARY

A Compendium of Ideas From Many Sources

Table of Contents
Lesson 1: Root Words

1. Animal Drawing Cards

2. Crossword

3. Matching, Memory, Fish

Lesson 2: Word Concept Mapping

1. Word Concept Definition Mapping

2. ABC Word/ Concept Map

3. Don’t Double Up

4. Word Association

5. Word Meaning Checklist

Lesson 3: Synonyms and Homonyms

1. Roundabout

2. Synonym Partners

3. Synonym Password

4. What’s In The Bag

5. What I Didn’t Do On The Weekend

Lesson 4: Homophones and Homonyms

1. Homophone (Homonym) Memory

2. Homophone (Homonym) Snap

3. Homonym Quiz

4. Homonym Crossword

5. Homophone Quiz

6. Homophone Worksheet

7. Homophone and Homonym Stories

LESSON 1: ROOT WORDS^¹

Introduction

The words in the English language were not just made up by throwing sounds together. Most of the words in the English language were borrowed from other languages, in particular German, French and Latin. However, it is important to note that not all words were borrowed. There are numerous words have developed as an extension of a root word from the English language.
A root word is a word that has nothing added at the beginning or the end of it. A root word stands on its own as a word, and has meaning. New words can be made from root words by adding beginnings (prefixes) and endings (suffixes).
For example:

Derma- means ‘skin’. A prefix or a suffix can be added to this to make a complete word such as ‘epidermis’ or ‘dermatitis’.

Script- means ‘writing’. A prefix or a suffix can be added to this to make a complete word such as prescription; scripture

Employ- means ‘to utilise’. A prefix or a suffix can be added to this to make a complete word such as employment, unemployment, employer, employee, employing

Beauty- means ‘attractive’ A suffix can be added to this to make a complete word such as beautiful, beautifully, beautician

These words have grown from their root word. They share parts of the same spelling and they are linked in terms of meaning.

Aim

To increase a student’s awareness that a word can be broken down into different parts (prefix + root + suffix). The root word gives a clue as to the meaning of the word. The aim is for the students to recognise the root word within an extended word to identify meaning and consequently increase vocabulary.
British Broadcasting Centre (2006) ‘Skillwise Factsheet’. Viewed 21^st August, 2006, from http://www.bbc.co.uk/
skillswise/words/spelling/wordbuilding/rootwords/factsheet.shtml

Drawing activity

Materials

Root word cards

Blank paper

Pencils

Method

Hand out the root word cards to each child and instruct them to underline the root word they see in the nonsensical word. Choose the level of difficulty - easy, medium or hard.

Instruct the class to draw what they think the nonsensical animal or thing should look like, remembering to place focus on the root word in their picture. Give the student a few minutes to do so.

When everyone has finished drawing their picture, ask 5 students to present their picture to the class. Get the remaining students to guess what the nonsensical word was.

Drawing activity
(EASY)
Origin Meaning Example

_________________________________________________________________________________

Bi Two

_________________________________________________________________________________

Tri Three

_________________________________________________________________________________

Milli Thousand 1000

__________________________________________________________________________________

Centi Hundred

__________________________________________________________________________________

Deca Ten 10

___________________________________________________________________________________

Semi Half

Drawing activity
(MEDIUM)
Origin Meaning Example

_________________________________________________________________________________

Bi Two

_________________________________________________________________________________

Tri Three

_________________________________________________________________________________

Super Above

_______________

_________________________________________________________________________________

Astro Star

__________________________________________________________________________________

Tele Far

___________________________________________________________________________________

Poly Many

___________________________________________________________________________________

Micro Little

Drawing activity
(HARD)
Origin Meaning Example

____________________________________________________________________________

Mania Crazy

____________________________________________________________________________
Poly Many

_____________________________________________________________________________
Ortho Straight

______________________________________________________________________________

Cycle Repeated pattern

______________________________________________________________________________

Micro Little

______________________________________________________________________________

Pre Before
______________________________________________________________________________

Post After

______________________________________________________________________________
WORD ROOT ANIMAL CARDS

EASY

Biheaded Cat

Trilegged Boy

Millitailed Pig

Centieyed Fly

Decatoothed Fish

Semielephant

Bitailed Leopard

Triheaded Lion

Millistriped Dragon

Centispotted Frog

Decacoloured Whale

Semieyed Unicorn

WORD ROOT ANIMAL CARDS

MEDIUM

Catsuperwater

Tritailed Dog

Biheaded Dog

Polycoloured fish

Bimicro house

Blueastro flag

Tritrunked elephant

Polyeyed girl

Tricoloured Whale

Astroeyed Unicorn

Polystriped Monkey

Microlegged Dog

WORD ROOT ANIMAL CARDS

HARD

Polylegged Fish

Polyeyed Girl

Orthostriped Monkey

Monkeysubwater

Microeared Mouse

Microheaded Boy

Maniac Cow

Prebedtime Girl

Postchristmas Morning

Orthotailed Pig

Microlegged Dog

Polytoed Horse

ROOT WORD CROSSWORD (EASY)

1.

5.

6.

4.

2.

3.

Clues

This word means…
Across

Ten

Two

Thousand

Three

Down

Hundred

Half

Please note: to make this activity easier provide students with reference sheet.

ROOT WORD CROSSWORD (MEDIUM)

3.

5.

1.

2.

4.

6.

CLUES

This word means…
Across

Two

Above

Far

6. Small
Down
3. Three

Many

Star

Please note: to make this activity easier provide students with reference sheet.

ROOT WORD CROSSWORD (HARD)

1.

5.

4.

3.

2.

CLUES

This word means…
Across

Crazy

After

Straight

Many

Down

Small

Before

Repeated Pattern

Please note: to make this activity easier provide students with reference sheet.

ROOT WORD CROSSWORD (EASY)

(ANSWERS)

1.

D

E

5.

C

A

E

6.

S

N

E

T

M

4.

T

R

I

2.

B

I

3.

M

I

L

L

I

Clues

This word means…
Across

Ten

Two

Thousand

Three

Down

Hundred

Half

Please note: to make this activity easier provide students with reference sheet.

ROOT WORD CROSSWORD (MEDIUM)

(ANSWERS)

3.

T

E

L

E

5.

A

R

S

1.

B

I

T

2.

S

U

4.

P

E

R

O

O

6.

M

I

C

R

O

L

Y

CLUES

This word means…
Across

Far

Above

Far

6. Small
Down
3. Three

Many

Star

Please note: to make this activity easier provide students with reference sheet.

ROOT WORD CROSSWORD (HARD)

(ANSWERS)

1.

M

A

N

I

A

I

5.

C

C

4.

P

O

L

Y

R

C

3.

O

R

T

H

O

L

E

2.

P

O

S

T

R

E

CLUES

This word means…
Across

Crazy

After

Straight

Many

Down

Small

Before

Repeated Pattern

Please note: to make this activity easier provide students with reference sheet.

Root Word Matching, Memory, or Fish

Materials

Root word and Suffix cards (see below)

Pencil and paper

Method

1. Introduce the class to the concept of root words.
2. Provide each student with a set of cards, or one set per group. Instruct the students to match the root words with the appropriate suffix card. Some cards can go with more than one suffix. Eg. Bi-cycle and Tri-cycle. This matching of pairs could also be played as a game of Memory or Fish.
Memory- Place all cards face down. Instruct the students to take turns turning over two cards. When a root word and a matching suffix are turned over, the child collects the cards as a matching pair. For example: Tri and cycle would be a pair.
Fish- Each student picks up five cards from the face down pile. The aim is to collect pairs (root word + suffix). Each student takes a turn to ask the other players if they have a card that is the pair to one of their own cards. For example they might ask “Do you have a card that would be the suffix for Tri?”. Students need to recognise the possible suffixes that could match the root words. If a student has the requested suffix card, they give it to the asking student. If no-one has the requested suffix card the student needs to pick up a card off the pile of remaining cards. This game may be more suitable for older students.
3. Once the students have collected their word pairs they can write a list of other words using the root word. For example, they could write tricycle, triceratops, tripod etc. If the students have trouble thinking of more words using the root word they can use a dictionary to find more. Following the activity instruct the students to identify the meaning of the root word. For example, Tri means Three.
4. Randomly choose 5 students to present their list of words to the class. The class need to listen carefully to the words, and come up with any more, and guess the meaning of the root word.

tri

cycle

tri

ceratops

tri

pod

bi

annual

bi

cycle

cent

ipede

cent

ury

cent

imetre

tele

phone

tele

vision

astro

logy

astro

naut

milli

metre

milli

pede

Pairs
Materials

Root word and suffix/ prefix cards

Root word reference sheet

Method

Hand out a card and reference sheet to each student according to the level of difficulty.

Explain what each root word meaning on the reference sheet.

Get the students out of their seats and clear a space in the classroom.

Ask the students to walk around the class and find the person with their matching card. For example ‘Poly’ and ‘Many’ are a pair.

Following the activity instruct the students to share their pairs with the class.

Pairs
(Easy)

Bi

Two

Tri

Three

Milli

Thousand

Centi

Hundred

Deca

Ten

Semi

Half

Bi

Two

Tri

Three

Milli

Thousand

Centi

Hundred

Deca

Ten

Semi

Half

Bi

Two

Pairs
(Medium)

Bi

Two

Tri

Three

Super

Above

Poly

Many

Micro

Small

Tele

Far

Astro

Star

Super

Above

Poly

Many

Micro

Small

Tele

Far

Astro

Star

Super

Above

Pairs
(Hard)

Poly

Many

Ortho

Straight

Cycle

Repeated pattern

Micro

Small

Mania

Crazy

Pre

Before

Post

After

Poly

Many

Ortho

Straight

Cycle

Repeated pattern

Micro

Small

Mania

Crazy

Pre

Before

WORD/CONCEPT MAPPING

LESSON 2
Introduction
When a student comes across a word/concept that they don’t understand during reading or conversation most children would look the word up in a dictionary in an attempt to give meaning to the word. However, looking up a definition of a word/concept is not as effective as analysing the word/concept^². An in-depth analysis of a word/concept can be done through a vocabulary building strategy known as concept mapping.

What is a word/concept map?
Word/Concept mapping is a strategy for teaching students the meaning of key concepts, independently. The word/concept map is a graphic organiser that allows student to^³:

Identify the word/concept that they are learning,

Expand the word/concept meaning

Identify a general category the word might be placed in,

Identify its relationships to other words,

Identify its essential attributes, qualities or characteristics of the word

Develop examples of the word/concept, and

Create extended definitions of the word/concept for themselves

Aim
To increase the student’s vocabulary by:

Providing students with an independent and effective way to explore unknown concepts.

Stimulating the students thinking outside the square (word).

Teaching students to use a word/concept maps.

To develop a student’s ability to recall associated words surrounding a concept, quickly.

: ~mdenton -> Classroom%20Resources
Classroom%20Resources -> Mr Tongue’s House Adapted with permission from the story by Love, E. and Reilly, S. (1995). A sound Way. Phonological Awareness – Activities for Early Literacy. Pearson. Melbourne. Pictures sourced from a brochure produced by Queensland

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